Reset Admistrative password in Win Xp

There are times when we forget the all exclusive Windows XP Administrator password in our home or office system. Here are few steps with which you can easily reset your Administrator password in Windows Xp   Boot your system with the Windows XP Setup CD. Afer the welcome screen, accept the EULA agreement, etc - proceed as required. In the option to install XP afresh or "Repair your existing Windows XP installation". Choose to Repair by pressing "R". Repair process will start by first copying files the files needed. After few minutes, the setup will restart your system and when it restarts remember NOT to press any key when it shows "Press any key to continue…".  Don't press any key and setup will resume from where it stopped. It will start doing other tasks and will show a small progress bar with a few details in left hand corner. When it shows "Installing Devices", remember to press Shift key + F10 key in your keyboard. This will open a Command Prompt window. Now type nusrmgr.cpl and press the Enter. This opens up the "User Accounts" window which you normally get in the Control Panel. You can now easily reset any account's password.

Bandwidth Explained

Most hosting companies offer a variety of bandwidth options in their plans. So exactly what is bandwidth as it relates to web hosting? Put simply, bandwidth is the amount of traffic that is allowed to occur between your web site and the rest of the internet. The amount of bandwidth a hosting company can provide is determined by their network connections, both internal to their data center and external to the public internet. Network Connectivity: The internet, in the most simplest of terms, is a group of millions of computers connected by networks. These connections within the internet can be large or small depending upon the cabling and equipment that is used at a particular internet location. It is the size of each network connection that determines how much bandwidth is available. For example, if you use a DSL connection to connect to the internet, you have 1.54 Mega bits (Mb) of bandwidth. Bandwidth therefore is measured in bits (a single 0 or 1). Bits are grouped in bytes which form words, text, and other information that is transferred between your computer and the internet. If you have a DSL connection to the internet, you have dedicated bandwidth between your computer and your internet provider. But your internet provider may have thousands of DSL connections to their location. All of these connection aggregate at your internet provider who then has their own dedicated connection to the internet (or multiple connections) which is much larger than your single connection. They must have enough bandwidth to serve your computing needs as well as all of their other customers. So while you have a 1.54Mb connection to your internet provider, your internet provider may have a 255Mb connection to the internet so it can accommodate your needs and up to 166 other users (255/1.54). Traffic: A very simple analogy to use to understand bandwidth and traffic is to think of highways and cars. Bandwidth is the number of lanes on the highway and traffic is the number of cars on the highway. If you are the only car on a highway, you can travel very quickly. If you are stuck in the middle of rush hour, you may travel very slowly since all of the lanes are being used up. Traffic is simply the number of bits that are transferred on network connections. It is easiest to understand traffic using examples. One Gigabyte is 2 to the 30th power (1,073,741,824) bytes. One gigabyte is equal to 1,024 megabytes. To put this in perspective, it takes one byte to store one character. Imagine 100 file cabinets in a building, each of these cabinets holds 1000 folders. Each folder has 100 papers. Each paper contains 100 characters - A GB is all the characters in the building. An MP3 song is about 4MB, the same song in wav format is about 40MB, a full length movie can be 800MB to 1000MB (1000MB = 1GB). If you were to transfer this MP3 song from a web site to your computer, you would create 4MB of traffic between the web site you are downloading from and your computer. Depending upon the network connection between the web site and the internet, the transfer may occur very quickly, or it could take time if other people are also downloading files at the same time. If, for example, the web site you download from has a 10MB connection to the internet, and you are the only person accessing that web site to download your MP3, your 4MB file will be the only traffic on that web site. However, if three people are all downloading that same MP at the same time, 12MB (3 x 4MB) of traffic has been created. Because in this example, the host only has 10MB of bandwidth, someone will have to wait. The network equipment at the hosting company will cycle through each person downloading the file and transfer a small portion at a time so each person's file transfer can take place, but the transfer for everyone downloading the file will be slower. If 100 people all came to the site and downloaded the MP3 at the same time, the transfers would be extremely slow. If the host wanted to decrease the time it took to download files simultaneously, it could increase the bandwidth of their internet connection (at a cost due to upgrading equipment). Hosting Bandwidth: In the example above, we discussed traffic in terms of downloading an MP3 file. However, each time you visit a web site, you are creating traffic, because in order to view that web page on your computer, the web page is first downloaded to your computer (between the web site and you) which is then displayed using your browser software (Internet Explorer, Netscape, etc.) . The page itself is simply a file that creates traffic just like the MP3 file in the example above (however, a web page is usually much smaller than a music file). A web page may be very small or large depending upon the amount of text and the number and quality of images integrated within the web page. For example, the home page for CNN.com is about 200KB (200 Kilobytes = 200,000 bytes = 1,600,000 bits). This is typically large for a web page. In comparison, Yahoo's home page is about 70KB. How Much Bandwidth Is Enough? It depends (don't you hate that answer). But in truth, it does. Since bandwidth is a significant determinant of hosting plan prices, you should take time to determine just how much is right for you. Almost all hosting plans have bandwidth requirements measured in months, so you need to estimate the amount of bandwidth that will be required by your site on a monthly basis If you do not intend to provide file download capability from your site, the formula for calculating bandwidth is fairly straightforward: Average Daily Visitors x Average Page Views x Average Page Size x 31 x Fudge Factor If you intend to allow people to download files from your site, your bandwidth calculation should be: [(Average Daily Visitors x Average Page Views x Average Page Size) + (Average Daily File Downloads x Average File Size)] x 31 x Fudge Factor Let us examine each item in the formula: Average Daily Visitors - The number of people you expect to visit your site, on average, each day. Depending upon how you market your site, this number could be from 1 to 1,000,000. Average Page Views - On average, the number of web pages you expect a person to view. If you have 50 web pages in your web site, an average person may only view 5 of those pages each time they visit. Average Page Size - The average size of your web pages, in Kilobytes (KB). If you have already designed your site, you can calculate this directly. Average Daily File Downloads - The number of downloads you expect to occur on your site. This is a function of the numbers of visitors and how many times a visitor downloads a file, on average, each day. Average File Size - Average file size of files that are downloadable from your site. Similar to your web pages, if you already know which files can be downloaded, you can calculate this directly. Fudge Factor - A number greater than 1. Using 1.5 would be safe, which assumes that your estimate is off by 50%. However, if you were very unsure, you could use 2 or 3 to ensure that your bandwidth requirements are more than met. Usually, hosting plans offer bandwidth in terms of Gigabytes (GB) per month. This is why our formula takes daily averages and multiplies them by 31. Summary: Most personal or small business sites will not need more than 1GB of bandwidth per month. If you have a web site that is composed of static web pages and you expect little traffic to your site on a daily basis, go with a low bandwidth plan. If you go over the amount of bandwidth allocated in your plan, your hosting company could charge you over usage fees, so if you think the traffic to your site will be significant, you may want to go through the calculations above to estimate the amount of bandwidth required in a hosting plan.

Move Over Broadband,Make way for the Grid

From The Sunday Times

April 6, 2008

Coming soon: superfast internet

Jonathan Leake, Science Editor

THE internet could soon be made obsolete. The scientists who pioneered it have now built a lightning-fast replacement capable of downloading entire feature films within seconds.
At speeds about 10,000 times faster than a typical broadband connection, "the grid" will be able to send the entire Rolling Stones back catalogue from Britain to Japan in less than two seconds.
The latest spin-off from Cern, the particle physics centre that created the web, the grid could also provide the kind of power needed to transmit holographic images; allow instant online gaming with hundreds of thousands of players; and offer high-definition video telephony for the price of a local call.
David Britton, professor of physics at Glasgow University and a leading figure in the grid project, believes grid technologies could "revolutionise" society. "With this kind of computing power, future generations will have the ability to collaborate and communicate in ways older people like me cannot even imagine," he said.
The power of the grid will become apparent this summer after what scientists at Cern have termed their "red button" day - the switching-on of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the new particle accelerator built to probe the origin of the universe. The grid will be activated at the same time to capture the data it generates.
Cern, based near Geneva, started the grid computing project seven years ago when researchers realised the LHC would generate annual data equivalent to 56m CDs - enough to make a stack 40 miles high.
This meant that scientists at Cern - where Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the web in 1989 - would no longer be able to use his creation for fear of causing a global collapse.
This is because the internet has evolved by linking together a hotchpotch of cables and routing equipment, much of which was originally designed for telephone calls and therefore lacks the capacity for high-speed data transmission.
By contrast, the grid has been built with dedicated fibre optic cables and modern routing centres, meaning there are no outdated components to slow the deluge of data. The 55,000 servers already installed are expected to rise to 200,000 within the next two years.
Professor Tony Doyle, technical director of the grid project, said: "We need so much processing power, there would even be an issue about getting enough electricity to run the computers if they were all at Cern. The only answer was a new network powerful enough to send the data instantly to research centres in other countries."
That network, in effect a parallel internet, is now built, using fibre optic cables that run from Cern to 11 centres in the United States, Canada, the Far East, Europe and around the world.
One terminates at the Rutherford Appleton laboratory at Harwell in Oxfordshire.
From each centre, further connections radiate out to a host of other research institutions using existing high-speed academic networks.
It means Britain alone has 8,000 servers on the grid system – so that any student or academic will theoretically be able to hook up to the grid rather than the internet from this autumn.
Ian Bird, project leader for Cern's high-speed computing project, said grid technology could make the internet so fast that people would stop using desktop computers to store information and entrust it all to the internet.
"It will lead to what's known as cloud computing, where people keep all their information online and access it from anywhere," he said.
Computers on the grid can also transmit data at lightning speed. This will allow researchers facing heavy processing tasks to call on the assistance of thousands of other computers around the world. The aim is to eliminate the dreaded "frozen screen" experienced by internet users who ask their machine to handle too much information.
The real goal of the grid is, however, to work with the LHC in tracking down nature's most elusive particle, the Higgs boson. Predicted in theory but never yet found, the Higgs is supposed to be what gives matter mass.
The LHC has been designed to hunt out this particle - but even at optimum performance it will generate only a few thousand of the particles a year. Analysing the mountain of data will be such a large task that it will keep even the grid's huge capacity busy for years to come.
Although the grid itself is unlikely to be directly available to domestic internet users, many telecoms providers and businesses are already introducing its pioneering technologies. One of the most potent is so-called dynamic switching, which creates a dedicated channel for internet users trying to download large volumes of data such as films. In theory this would give a standard desktop computer the ability to download a movie in five seconds rather than the current three hours or so.
Additionally, the grid is being made available to dozens of other academic researchers including astronomers and molecular biologists.
It has already been used to help design new drugs against malaria, the mosquito-borne disease that kills 1m people worldwide each year. Researchers used the grid to analyse 140m compounds - a task that would have taken a standard internet-linked PC 420 years.
"Projects like the grid will bring huge changes in business and society as well as science," Doyle said.
"Holographic video conferencing is not that far away. Online gaming could evolve to include many thousands of people, and social networking could become the main way we communicate.
"The history of the internet shows you cannot predict its real impacts but we know they will be huge."

Speeding Vista

Note: Only tweak your Windows registry if you know what you are doing. A simple mistake while tweaking it can render your OS useless. So backup your registry and be careful.
1.Restrict number of start up programs Ones you can start manually ,click internet defense manually before going on internet a pick ones you decide to start up like yahoo messenger add on ones etc. Run strong utilities like win Patrol, tune up Utilities as a rule of thumb..

2. Disable services which one may not require. For example, if your pc is a stand-alone one, there may be several services which you can disable or switch over to manual mode. Auto-starting and closing down of services takes time & resources. These can be saved. Black Viper's Vista Service Configurations is an excellent guide to follow.

3. Reducing visual effects (eye candy). Right-click on "My Computer" > Properties > Advanced > Performance-Settings > Visual Effects > Adjust for best performance > Apply > OK.
To allow the themes and the glass effects, you may have to check on the boxes: enable transparent glass and use visual styles; this way at least the spirit of Vista will be preserved- else be prepared for a really bland Vista! Use your discretion as disabling all can actually negate the purpose of 'eye-friendly' Vista.

4. Ensure that boot defragmentation is enabled, so that files used during start-up are clubbed together.
Start Regedit. Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ Microsoft\Dfrg\BootOptimizeFunction . Select Enable from the list on the right.
Right Click on it and select Modify. Change the value to Y to enable and N to disable. Reboot.

5. Disable: "clear page file on shutdown" option. Cleaning the page-file on every shutdown means overwriting the data by zeros, and it takes time.
To clear/not clear page file you can apply this reg tweak. Back up registry before trying this.
Start->run->regedit [enter]
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Contro l\Session Manager\Memory Management
Modify (if not present, rt click in open space and create) the Value Data Type/s and Value Name/s :
Data Type: REG_DWORD [Dword Value]
Value Name: ClearPageFileAtShutdown
Setting for Value Data: [0 = Clear Page File Disabled / 1 = Clear Page File Enabled]
Exit Registry and Reboot.

6. Defragment your System Disk & Fine Tune your Registry. If you find the Vista's in-built defragger slow, you can try SysInternals Power Defragmenter which works on Vista too! Use the freeware CCleaner to clear up your PC Junk and clean up the Registry. Compacting the Registry occasionally is a good idea too!

7. Prefetch. Generally people also recommend emptying the Prefetch directory once in a while. But Windows uses this directory to speed up launching applications. It analyzes the files you use during startup and the applications you launch, and it creates an index to where those files and applications are located on your hard disk. Using this index, Windows can launch files and applications faster.
8. Bios. Go to BIOS settings, by pressing del or F10 key during boot-up, and disable 'seek floppy drive' option. This saves time for those who do not use floppy drives. There are also some BIOS hacks like Enabling Quick Post, Disabling Boot Daly, etc but best to refrain from these.

9. Change Boot-Order Sequence: Normally, the bios is set to boot from floppy first, then CD and then Hard Disk. Changing the Boot-Order to be: Hard Disk first, then maybe CD/Floppy, could possibly "save" a second.

10. Disable windows startup/shutdown/logon/logoff sounds. Go to control panel, sounds & audio devices, sound tab, in program events select 'no sound' for these events.

11. Disable the ScreenSaver if you dont need it. Right-Click desktop>ScreenSaver>None>OK.

12. Fonts take time to load. Removing some can save on resources. But one must be careful in deciding which fonts to remove. If you delete some system fonts, you may be in for trouble. Tweak VI Pro is a good shareware to manage fonts. It uninstalls fonts without physically removing them. Open its help file. It lists down the system fonts which must not be deleted ! use the list; and then decide what to delete and what to keep.

13. Shutdown. To REALLY reduce your shutdown time.
Start Regedit. Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Control.
Click on the "Control" Folder. Select "WaitToKillServiceTimeout"
Right click on it and select Modify. The default value is 12000.
Setting it to a lower 4 digit value,( say 1000) will make your PC shutdown faster, but you could end up losing data, so use this tweak judiciously.

14. Get rid of all the extra programs Windows Vista installs. You may not be using some like WLM, Calculator, Games, Meeting Space, Fax, etc. Go To Control Panel\Programs\Programs and Features > Turn windows On or Off and do the needful.

15. Control.Go To Control Panel\System and Maintenance\Performance Information and Tools. On the LHS you will see options to Adjust Indexing options, visual effects, power Settings, etc. These all help directly and indirectly.

Do remember that your Vista-based machine will tend to run a little faster, after the first few weeks after it's installed, thanks to its new feature called "SuperFetch" ; which basically studies the programs that use a lot and remembers them and puts the data into memory. Always run strong anti virus ,anti spyware and anti spam .Delete those temp files daily and go 100 miles faster.......

Xp Over Vista

Not comfortable with Windows Vista? Long for XP again? Here are a few simple steps to bring back the glory of XP.

You've bought a new PC with Windows Vista installed. Or you've upgraded to a version of Vista from your XP installation. After a few days of getting used to the new and improved operating system in all its glory, you find you hate it. You long to return to the good, old and reliable Windows XP.
Here's how to do it in a few simple steps.
What you're about to do is a one-way solution. You can also consider creating a dual-boot configuration, which allows users to pick a bootable choice of both operating systems (XP and Vista) to be installed on the same machine at the same time. That option is somewhat too complicated.
So, let's start expunging Vista and bringing XP back, with as little screaming as possible. Bear in mind that the FIRST thing to do is to back up all your important data to a safe (and separate) location, such as an external USB drive or multiple DVDs. In any case, backup should be a monthly routine, anyway.
Once you're sure you've backed up everything you wanted to keep, start reversing your PC to XP.
Removing Vista can be tricky, given the secure nature of the operating system and how it interacts with the computer's hardware. Thankfully, the basic task of removing Vista is fairly easy, if you perform each step in the proper order.
Step 1: Have your original bootable CD copy of Windows XP on hand, along with the ever-important Windows product key. Along with these two items, have a CD with all the latest hardware drivers (sound, video card, etc.) on it, to ensure a smooth install of XP once Vista is gone. For those that are missing, go find them in the tech support section of the their maker's website and download them to a safe place off the machine you are about to work with. Ensure you download and burn to CD all the drivers you will need, just in case the new XP installation calls for it during the operation.
Step 2: Have a bootable CD or floppy disk handy, to allow you to clean off your PC's hard drive and install a fresh copy of Windows XP. If you do not have such a disk, you can create one fairly easily by following the very concise instructions at Allbootdisks.com.
You can also find the ISO data (an exact image of a CD) needed to create such a bootable CD at sites like The Ultimate Boot CD. Their UBCD is available for download completely free of charge and is packed with utilities for diagnostics and repair of stubborn PC boot issues. It is an excellent tool to have handy when things go wrong.
Step 3: Create a bootable CD from the ISO. Programs like Nero Burning ROM can also create a bootable CD from ISO images from sites similar to the UBCD. Once it is burned, you can boot your PC with the CD (see Step 5 to come) and so bypass the Vista OS before it starts up. Note that you should test out your newly-minted bootable CD beforehand, just to make sure there were no burn errors. You can do this anytime before Step 7. Also, you can add additional programs to the bootable CD; see Step 11 for some examples.
Step 4: Ensure you absolutely, positively have all of your important data backed up. Search your hard drive for anything you want saved, as the disk will be totally erased during the install procedure. All the data stored on it will be lost, irrecoverable.
Step 5: Reboot your computer and get into the BIOS settings, which are the basic setup settings for the PC. They exist separately from the operating system. Here; you will be able to instruct your PC to boot from the Windows XP CD first, before looking at the already-installed Vista operating system on the hard drive.
Most computers will display a BIOS option at every startup — look for messages like "Press F1 to enter setup" or "Hit DEL for BIOS" when you reboot your computer, before Vista starts up. Not every PC manufacturer does it the same way, so be quick when you look, as the boot messages do not wait around for long on-screen.
Step 6: Once you have accessed your computer's BIOS, look for "Boot Options" among the various settings. BE CAREFUL — messing up your BIOS can render your PC unbootable, so if you are not sure if you set something correctly, use the "Exit without saving" option and try it again. Once you have carefully found the Boot Order, have a look at the order of the devices listed. Boot Order will allow you to choose which device the PC will boot from first: floppy drive, CD/DVD-ROM, hard drive or other devices (such as USB keys). Make sure to select the CD/DVD-ROM drive to boot BEFORE the hard drive, so that your bootable CD will load before Vista gets a chance.
Save the BIOS settings, ensure the Windows XP CD is in the drive, and reboot. Your PC should now boot from the Windows XP CD, and allow you to run the disk management utility.
Step 7: If the Boot Order in the BIOS was set properly, Windows XP will now boot to its basic blue Setup menu, with several options. Choose the "Repair An Existing Installation" option — this will allow you to modify the way the current installation of Vista boots, which is important.
Step 8: Now, a command prompt will appear. Type in "fixboot c:\" (without the quotes) and hit Enter. This command will write a new startup sector on the system partition of the disk. This command creates a space on the drive where XP can write its own files, as opposed to the type of sector that Vista has installed so it could read its own files. This is important, as XP needs to be able to "see" the hard drive properly on startup to install itself, taking control away from Vista.
Step 9: Next, type "fixmbr c:\" and hit Enter. This command repairs the startup partition's master boot code. This code is on the very first sector of the hard drive, which is where XP looks first to help it find things like partitions. The MBR is like an index for the drive, and changing it this way lets XP see the index properly right away on boot-up.
Step 10: Now, type "EXIT" to leave the Recovery Console. Remove the Windows XP CD and replace it with the bootable CD or floppy created in Step 2, then reboot the PC again.
Step 11: Wait for the bootable CD to take you to a command prompt. Once there, type "format c:\," confirming that all the data on the drive is to be erased. This will take a while.
You can use other disk-formatting utilities such as Super F-disk, a free program that has many more features than the basic "format" command included with XP. Just make sure to extract and copy it to a bootable CD of your own creation, as it does not boot on its own. For those of you with large hard drives, it may benefit you to partition those drives into smaller chunks with programs like Super Fdisk, to speed up data access, among other things.
Step 12: Once the drive is formatted, replace the bootable CD with the Windows XP CD and reboot your system. You will be able to install XP from the CD normally now, choosing to install it on the blank partition you have created in Step11. Go through the normal installation of XP, and then enjoy your PC's newfound speed boost from a fresh OS install.
Your PC is back to the rusty but (mostly) reliable Windows XP.

How Much Text is in a Kilobyte or Megabyte

A bit is the most basic unit of information. At their most fundamental level, most modern computers operate on binary bits which means that they can have two states, usually specified as a 0 or 1. Long strings of these bits can be used to represent most types of information including text, pictures and music.

Most modern computers are binary systems and therefore, they are particularly well suited to working with bits. Pure binary information, however, is of little use to humans. The binary number 11000101110 is equivalent to 1582; it is obvious that we are much more suited to working with digits and text instead of ones and zeros.

To help make computers more like our language-based way of thinking, groups of bits are joined into bytes. One byte is comprised of 8 bits. A set of 8 bits was chosen because this provides 256 total possibilities which is sufficient for specifying letters, numbers, spaces, punctuation and other extended characters. This very sentence, for example is composed of 125 bytes because there are 125 letters, digits, spaces and punctuation marks. Keep in mind that we are discussing pure text; some word processing programs, include other sorts of formatting data, and therefore the filesizes will be greater than the number of characters in the file.

It is estimated that a kilobyte can accommodate about 1/2 of a typewritten page. Therefore, one full page requires about 2 kilobytes. The chart below illustrates the number of bytes in common terms such as kilobyte and megabyte and how much text could be stored:

Name	Number of Bytes	Amount of Text
Kilobyte (KB)	210 or 1,024	1/2 page
Megabyte (MB)	220 or 1,048,576	500 pages or 1 thick book
Gigabyte (GB)	230 or 1,073,741,824	500,000 pages or 1,000 thick books
Terabyte (TB)	240 or 1,099,511,627, 776	1,000,000 thick books
Petabyte	250 or 1,125,899,906, 842,624	180 Libraries of Congress
Exabyte	260 or 1,152,921,504, 606,846,976	180 thousand Libraries of Congress
Zettabyte	270 or 1,180,591,620, 717,411,303, 424	180 million Libraries of Congress
Yottabyte	280 or 1,208,925,819, 614,629,174, 706,176	180 billion Libraries of Congress

The Library of Congress in Washington D.C. is said to be the world's largest library with over 28 million volumes. The numbers listed in the chart above are based on the assumption that the average book has 200 pages. Most Compact Discs (CD) can hold approximately 750 megabytes (mB) which is roughly equivalent to 375,000 pages of text! DVDs can store 4.7 gigabytes (gB) or 2.3 million pages. The next generation of optical media, Blu-Ray discs, can hold an astonishing 27 gigabytes or 13.5 million pages which is roughly equivalent to the text contained in 67,500 books!

Data Measurement Chart
Data Measurement	Size
Bit	Single Binary Digit (1 or 0)
Byte	8 bits
Kilobyte (KB)
	Bytes	1024 Bytes
	Bits	8192 Bits
Megabyte (MB)
	Kilobytes	1,024 KB
	Bytes	1048576 Bytes
	Bits	8388608 Bits
Gigabyte (GB)
	Megabytes	1,024 MB
	Kilobytes	1048576 KB
	Bytes	1073741824 Bytes
	Bits	8589934592 Bits
Terabyte (TB)
	Gigabytes	1,024 GB
	Megabytes	1048576 MB
	Kilobytes	1073741824 KB
	Bytes	1099511627776 Bytes
	Bits	8796093022208 Bits
Petabyte (PB)
	Terabytes	1,024 TB
	Gigabytes	1048576 GB
	Megabytes	1073741824 MB
	Kilobytes	1099511627776 KB
	Bytes	1125899906842624 Bytes
	Bits	9007199254740992 Bits
Exabyte (EB)
	Petabytes	1,024 PB
	Terabytes	1048576 TB
	Gigabytes	1073741824 GB
	Megabytes	1099511627776 MB
	Kilobytes	1125899906842624 KB
	Bytes	1152292150460684697 6 Bytes
	Bits	1180591620717411303 424 Bits